Android自定义控件(三):自绘控件
一、简介
View的绘制基本上由measure()、layout()、draw()这个三个函数完成。
1.测量(Measure)过程是计算视图大小
View measure过程相关方法主要有三个:
- public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)
- protected final void setMeasuredDimension(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight)
- protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)
measure调用onMeasure,onMeasure测量宽度、高度然后调用setMeasureDimension保存测量结果,measure,setMeasureDimension是final类型,view的子类不需要重写,onMeasure在view的子类中重写。
关于MeasureSpec:
(1) UPSPECIFIED :父容器对于子容器没有任何限制,子容器想要多大就多大.
(2) EXACTLY 父容器已经为子容器设置了尺寸,子容器应当服从这些边界,不论子容器想要多大的空间.
(3) AT_MOST子容器可以是声明大小内的任意大小.
2.布局(Layout)过程用于设置视图在屏幕中显示的位置
View layout过程相关方法主要要三个:
- public void layout(int l, int t, int r, int b)
- protected boolean setFrame(int left, int top, int right, int bottom)
- protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int left, int top, int right, int bottom)
layout通过调用setFrame(l,t,r,b),l,t,r,b即子视图在父视图中的具体位置,onLayout一般只会在自定义ViewGroup中才会使用
3.绘制(draw)过程主要用于利用前两步得到的参数,将视图显示在屏幕上,到这里也就完成了整个的视图绘制工作。
- public void draw(Canvas canvas)
- protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas)
通过调用draw函数进行视图绘制,在View类中onDraw函数是个空函数,最终的绘制需求需要在自定义的onDraw函数中进行实现,比如ImageView完成图片的绘制,如果自定义ViewGroup这个函数则不需要重载。
二、实例
实现一个饼图控件。
1.实现代码
public class PercentView extends View {
private final static String TAG = PercentView.class.getSimpleName();
private Paint mPaint;
private RectFoval;
public PercentView(Context context) {
super(context);
init();
}
public PercentView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
init();
}
public PercentView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
init();
}
private void init(){
mPaint = new Paint();
mPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
oval=new RectF();
}
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
int widthSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
int heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
Log.e(TAG, "onMeasure--widthMode-->" + widthMode);
switch(widthMode) {
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
break;
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
break;
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
break;
}
Log.e(TAG, "onMeasure--widthSize-->" + widthSize);
Log.e(TAG, "onMeasure--heightMode-->" + heightMode);
Log.e(TAG, "onMeasure--heightSize-->" + heightSize);
}
@Override
protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
super.onLayout(changed, left, top, right, bottom);
Log.e(TAG, "onLayout");
}
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
super.onDraw(canvas);
mPaint.setColor(Color.GRAY);
// FILL填充, STROKE描边,FILL_AND_STROKE填充和描边
mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL_AND_STROKE);
int with = getWidth();
int height = getHeight();
Log.e(TAG, "onDraw---->" + with + "*" + height);
float radius = with / 4;
canvas.drawCircle(with / 2, with / 2, radius, mPaint);
mPaint.setColor(Color.BLUE);
oval.set(with / 2 - radius, with / 2 - radius, with / 2
+ radius, with / 2 + radius);//用于定义的圆弧的形状和大小的界限
canvas.drawArc(oval, 270, 120, true, mPaint); //根据进度画圆弧
}
}
2. 在布局中使用
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">
<com.whoislcj.views.PercentView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="10dp" />
</LinearLayout>